A rare variety of grapes Shahin Iran belongs to the table hybrid forms. Farmers liked it because of its good taste and beautiful bright pink clusters. Other distinguishing features of this hybrid, as well as the rules for cultivating it, will be discussed in this article.
History of Variety Breeding
In this hybrid, the history of selection is poorly known, the Shahin is not even included in the selection register. However, there is a version that Tajikistan is the birthplace of grapes. The species may be sold as Early Rizamat and Glory to Moldova.
Did you know? The most weighty grape brush in the world was obtained in 1984 in Chile. Her weight was almost 9.4 kg.
Description and characteristics of the variety
Shahini bushes are vigorous. The stems are light brown with red knots. Bisexual flowers. The leaves are dark green, rounded in shape with deep cuts.
Large brushes, weighing from 700 g to 1 kg, rare specimens reach 2 kg. The shape of the cluster is conical. Grapes are characterized by intense pink color and oblong shape. The weight of one berry is about 8–11 g, and the size is 36 by 22 mm. The subcutaneous part of the fruit is fleshy-juicy, the skin is dense. The taste is standard harmonious, improves as it ripens. Sugar content of berries is 15–18%, and acidity is 5–6 g / l.
The variety ripens in the early stages - from the beginning of flowering until the fruits reach full maturity 4 months pass. Productivity is high - about 75% of the shoots bear fruit.
Advantages and disadvantages
- The main advantages include the following:
- high and stable productivity;
- large clusters;
- juicy berries with a pleasant harmonious taste;
- good preservation of bunches;
- ripe fruits withstand long-distance transport.
- Unfortunately, the hybrid has many shortcomings:
- in rainy years, ripe berries may crack and peel a little;
- poor resistance to fungal ailments;
- seedlings of this form are rare;
- quality shelter for the winter is required.
Basic landing rules
Cultivation of grapes Shahin Iran implies compliance with a number of rules.
How to choose healthy seedlings when buying
Try to choose a seedling according to the following criteria:
- Age. Standards allow the use of one or two year old planting material. However, it is desirable to give preference to annual copies.
- Appearance. Shoots should be smooth, healthy, ripened at the base, and eyes - formed. Planting material should not have traces of the presence of pests. The optimum diameter of the seedling is at least 5 mm.
- Pay particular attention to the roots. Rhizome must be well developed. The undergrowth or rootstocks is a sign of a poor-quality plant, which may cause problems in the future.
Video: How to choose grape seedlings
Where to plant on the site
The variety does not tolerate wind and cold, so you should carefully select a place for planting. This should be a territory with natural or artificial protection from wind and low temperatures. The seedling of Shahinh of Iran takes root well in places heated by the sun.
Did you know? During the nearly 2-year period of the anti-alcohol company in the 80s, about 200 thousand hectares of grapes were cut down in the USSR.
On a site with close standing groundwater, it is not prohibited to lay a vineyard. As for the side of the world, the southwest direction is preferable.
A young plant should be planted in nutrient soil such as chernozem. Or feed the earth with organic and minerals in advance. The acidity level should be low or neutral. In these proposed planting locations, the fruits become sweeter and ripen earlier.
How to plant seedlings
Both spring and autumn planting of Shahini Iran is practiced. When planting in spring, work must be completed before buds open, that is, in April. In autumn, plant seedlings in October.
In advance, form a recess with a diameter of 80 cm so that the earth has time to settle. Pour a layer of crushed stone (5 ̶ 10 cm) at the bottom of the hole, then add a layer of organic matter and minerals, and on top - the earth. The pit must stand for at least two weeks.
After the specified time has elapsed, place a seedling in the prepared depression and cover it with earth to the level of the root neck. After planting, pour a bucket of water under the plant.
Do not forget to properly cover the seedling. To do this, a plastic bottle without a bottom and with a unscrewed cap is suitable.
Features of care for the variety Shahin Iran
The Shahin of Iran is a demanding variety. In order for the vineyard to please the owner with a rich harvest, he needs regular watering, top dressing, pruning, shelter and a number of other important procedures.
Watering
The frequency of watering this grape depends on weather conditions. In the case of dry summers, it needs daily irrigation. In the first year, water the plant up to 4 times. Pour water under the plant from the buckets. The soil should be saturated throughout the depth of the root system.
Fertilizer application
Add nutrients every spring and autumn. In summer, they feed bushes if necessary. Nitrogen and phosphoric mineral fertilizers are best suited for spring fertilizer, and organic fertilizers for autumn fertilizer.
Shoot garter
As they grow, the shoots are tied to a vertical trellis. Start tying when the vine reaches a length of 40-50 cm, and the base is slightly lignified. During the vegetative period, carry out 2–4 garters depending on the strength of growth and the height of the trellis.
Important! Try to evenly distribute the vegetative growth of the bush in space, avoiding the shading of inflorescences and brushes.
Soil care
After each watering in order to retain moisture in the soil and for better penetration of air and nutrients to the roots, loosen the topsoil. The procedure also prevents the growth of new weeds.Simultaneously with loosening, mulch the soil under the plant. Use a 10 cm thick humus for this. Mulch allows the earth to keep the soil warm and moist, and in winter it reduces temperature differences.
Prior to mulching, the patch should be carefully treated from weed. Get rid of weeds manually after rain or irrigation. If the vegetation is large and has several pairs of leaves, remove them along with the rhizomes.
Pruning
Pruning in the case of the Shahinh of Iran is carried out for 8 or 12 eyes. The number of fruiting branches can vary from 65 to 75%. The plant is located to the formation of the stepson crop. Prefer large types of formation with significant stocks of old wood.
The formation of the bush should be carried out regularly - this ensures a thickening of the wood layer, which will beneficially affect the yield and taste.
Winter preparations
The variety gives an acceptable crop, provided that the vines are carefully protected from the cold. With the first frosts, remove the plant from the trellis, place it on the ground, and then cover with a thick layer of straw or hay. If the grapes are young, cover them with crates of plywood or boards with pillows of grass and hay.
Diseases and Pests
The Shahina badly resists illnesses and harmful insects. The most dangerous disease for this variety is oidium. For protection, spray the bushes with preparations such as Strobi, Horus and Skor.
The shahina is often affected by bacterial cancer, the treatment of which does not exist. The only thing you can do is carefully inspect the plants every spring to identify the disease and prevent its mass spread.
Vineyards may also suffer from gray rot. Directly directed action against this ailment is exerted by such drugs as Topsin M, Rovral Flo, Topaz, Dersal.
Among the pests that do not mind eating the vineyard are leafworms. Farmers will have to use insecticides such as Ekamet, Tsimbush, Sumitsidin, Tsidian, Tokution, Sevil. One should also be wary of felt itching, against which sulfur-containing preparations are effective - Karate-Zeon, Vertimek, Aktara, Bi-58.
Important! When processing the vineyard, handle seedlings as carefully as possible so as not to injure them.
Collection and use of grapes
The fruits of the Shahini of Iran reach maturity on the 120-125th day. If the summer is warm and not rainy, you can start picking fruits in early August.
The clusters are well stored and do not lose their original appearance during transportation, so that the variety can be used in the food industry. In addition to fresh consumption, juices, compotes and preserves are prepared from berries.
If you are not afraid of difficulties, you can try to find the seedlings of Shahini Iran and plant them in your country house. If you correctly complete all planting measures and do not neglect the intricacies of care, the vine will become a long-liver on the site.
